Drug Metabolism

Drug Metabolism

Transformation of Xenobiotics by Biological Systems
IMPLICATIONS FOR DRUG METABOLISM
1. Termination of drug action
2. Activation of prodrug
3. Bioactivation and toxication
4. Carcinogenesis
5. Tetratogenesis

Termination of Drug Action
Activation of Prodrug
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism

* Age
* Diet
* Genetic Variation
* State of Health
* Gender
* Degree of Protein Binding
* Species Variation
* Substrate Competition
* Enzyme Induction
* Route of Drug Administration
Organ Sites of Drug Metabolism

* Liver
* Small intestine
* Kidney
* Skin
* Lungs
* Plasma
* All organs of the body
Cellular Sites Of Drug Metabolism
KINETICS OF DRUG METABOLISM
Velocity Of Metabolism Of A Drug
Velocity Of Metabolism Of Three Drugs
Phase of Metabolism
Phase I Reactions
Phase II Metabolism
Patterns of Drug Metabolism
PHASE I METABOLIC PATHWAYS
CONVERSION OF TERFENADINE TO FEXOFENADINE
* The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
CIMETIDINE Inhibits CYP450 Metabolism Of Many Drugs
Monoamine Oxidase Metabolism of Serotonin
Diamine Oxidase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Xanthine Oxidase
Nitro Reduction
Azo Reduction
Microsomes and cytosol
Amide Hydrolysis
Microsomes and cytosol
Ester Hydrolysis
Microsomes and cytosol
Epoxide Hydrolase

PHASE II METABOLIC PATHWAYS
PHASE II REACTIONS
GLUCURONIDATION
Morphine Metabolism

and much more are covered in this presentation