Pain Perception, Management And Assessment

Pain Perception, Management And Assessment
Amy C. Chavarria, RN, MSN, MBA, HCM, CCE


THE PAIN PROCESS

Mechanical
Chemical
Thermal

Pain receptors are stimulated
NOCICEPTORS
Spinal Cord
Brain


STRUCTURES RELATED TO PAIN PROCESS
Physiologic Pain
Neuropathic Pain
Four Processes Involved in Nociception

* Transduction
* Transmission
* Perception
* Modulation

Pain Theories
III. Pattern (Summation) Theory
IV. Endorphin/Enkephalin Theory
Gate Control Theory
CHARACTERISTICS OF PAIN
PAIN SCALES
Adult and Older Adult
FACTORS AFFECTING PAIN PERCEPTION/RESPONSE
MANIFESTATIONS OF PAIN
ASSESS THE PATIENT’S PAIN

Develop Nursing
Diagnosis
Develop a Nursing
Care Plan
Implement
Plan of Care
BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES
Pain Assessment
OTHER FACTORS

Causative Factors
Relieving Factors
Pain-related
Problems
Activities for daily living
Treatment Plan
COGNITIVE THERAPY
Mind Interventions
GUIDED IMAGERY
HEAT AND COLD APPLICATION
Spiritual
TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)
TENS ELECTRODE APPLICATION
SAFETY ISSUES
Implementation of Therapy
Maintenance of Therapy
Nonpharmacologic Invasive Techniques
Pharmacologic Interventions for Pain
Opioids (Narcotics)
Nonopioids/NSAIDS
Coanalgesic Drugs
WHO Ladder Step
Approach for Cancer Pain Control
Rational Polypharmacy
Oral Administration
Transmucosa/Transnasal and Transdermal Administration
Medication Administration
Subcutaneous Infusion Placement
Medication Administration
PATIENT CONTROLLED ANALGESIC (PCA)
Barriers to Effective Pain Management
DOCUMENTATION OF PAIN MANAGEMENT THERAPY
Pain is known as the 5th vital sign.
Specificity Theory
Clinical application of gate control theory:
Pain intensity and much more topcis are covered in this 143 slides presentation.

PAIN PERCEPTION, MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT.ppt